Factores psicosociales relacionados con obesidad en adolescentes: un estudio de casos y controles
Psychosocial factors related to obesity among adolescents: a case-control studyContenido principal del artículo
La obesidad infantil y en adolescentes se considera un importante problema de salud pública asociado a problemas psicosociales. Para determinar factores psicosociales relacionados con obesidad en adolescentes, se realizó un estudio de casos y controles donde se aplicó una encuesta a 128 adolescentes con obesidad y 128 con estatus de peso normal que incluyó un autoinforme de adolescentes (ADA). El ADA mostró un Alfa de Cronbach de 0,70 o superior, con medidas de Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin aceptables y esfericidad de Barlett con p < 0,0001 en todos sus factores. Los factores psicosociales relacionados con obesidad en adolescentes fueron: depresión-ansiedad (RO=1,871; IC95%: 1,281–2,732; p=0,001), resiliencia-prosocialidad (RO=0,176; IC95%: 0,110–0,283; p<0,0001), ocupación de la madre (RO=1,999; IC95%: 1,032–3,872; p=0,040) y el uso de teléfono inteligente (RO=3,779; IC95%: 1,327–10,758; p=0,013). La presencia de reactivos de depresión-ansiedad, una menor resiliencia-prosocialidad, la ocupación de la madre y el uso de teléfono inteligente pueden ser factores relacionados con obesidad en adolescentes.
Childhood and adolescent obesity is considered a major public health problem associated with psychosocial problems. To determine psychosocial factors related to obesity amog adolescents, a case-control study was conducted. A survey was administered to 128 obese adolescents and 128 with normal weight status. The survey included an adolescent self-report questionnaire (ASR). The ASR showed a Cronbach's alpha of 0,70 or higher, with acceptable Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measures and Bartlett's sphericity test with p < 0,0001 for all factors. Psychosocial factors associated with obesity in adolescents were: depression-anxiety (OR=1,871; 95%CI: 1,281–2,732; p=0,001), resilience-prosociality (OR=0,176; 95%CI: 0,110–0,283; p<0,0001), maternal occupation (OR=1,999; 95%CI: 1,032–3,872; p=0,040), and smartphone use (OR=3,779; 95%CI: 1,327–10,758; p=0,013). The presence of depression-anxiety items, lower resilience-prosociality, maternal occupation, and smartphone use may be factors associated with obesity in adolescents.
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