Mindfulness para reducir el craving en personas con adicciones: revisión sistemática
Mindfulness to reduce craving in people with addictions: systematic reviewBarra lateral del artículo
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El craving constituye un fenómeno central en los trastornos por uso de sustancias, actuando como predictor de recaída y perpetuando el ciclo adictivo. Las intervenciones basadas en mindfulness han emergido como estrategias prometedoras para su abordaje terapéutico. En este sentido, el objetivo de la presente revisión sistemática fue evaluar la eficacia de las intervenciones basadas en mindfulness en la reducción del craving en personas con trastornos por uso de sustancias, mediante el análisis de ensayos clínicos controlados publicados entre 2013 y 2025. Se realizó una revisión sistemática siguiendo lineamientos PRISMA en Scopus, PubMed, Dialnet, Redalyc y Scielo. Se incluyeron ensayos clínicos aleatorizados que aplicaran intervenciones mindfulness y midieran craving. La calidad metodológica se evaluó mediante la escala Jadad. De 81 estudios identificados, nueve cumplieron criterios de inclusión con puntuaciones Jadad entre tres y cinco. Los programas estructurados como MBRP y MORE mostraron reducciones significativas del craving, con efectos mediados por aceptación, conciencia y ausencia de juicio. La práctica sostenida moderó la relación craving-consumo. Las intervenciones basadas en mindfulness demuestran efectividad en la reducción del craving, aunque su impacto depende del formato y la adherencia a la práctica continuada.
Craving constitutes a central phenomenon in substance use disorders, acting as a predictor of relapse and perpetuating the addictive cycle. Mindfulness-based interventions have emerged as promising strategies for its therapeutic approach. In this sense, the objective of the present systematic review was to evaluate the efficacy of mindfulness-based interventions in reducing craving in individuals with substance use disorders, through the analysis of controlled clinical trials published between 2013 and 2025. A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines in Scopus, PubMed, Dialnet, Redalyc, and Scielo. Randomized clinical trials that applied mindfulness interventions and measured craving were included. Methodological quality was assessed using the Jadad scale. Of 81 studies identified, nine met the inclusion criteria with Jadad scores between three and five. Structured programs such as MBRP and MORE showed significant reductions in craving, with effects mediated by acceptance, awareness, and non-judgment. Sustained practice moderated the craving-consumption relationship. Mindfulness-based interventions demonstrate effectiveness in reducing craving, although their impact depends on the format and adherence to continued practice.
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