Eficacia de la terapia de aceptación y compromiso en adultos con riesgo suicida: revisión sistemática
Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy in Adults at Risk of Suicide: A Systematic ReviewBarra lateral del artículo
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Introducción: La Terapia de Aceptación y Compromiso (ACT) se ha consolidado como una intervención prometedora para personas con riesgo suicida. Objetivo: Analizar las características metodológicas de estudios empíricos que evalúan ACT en adultos con riesgo suicida. Método: Se realizó una revisión sistemática siguiendo las directrices PRISMA, buscando en Web of Science, Scopus y PubMed estudios publicados entre 2016 y 2026 en inglés y español. Se incluyeron diez estudios, con predominio de ensayos controlados aleatorizados, aunque con gran heterogeneidad en tamaños muestrales, modalidades de intervención e instrumentos de evaluación. Resultados: La ideación suicida y la flexibilidad psicológica fueron los constructos más evaluados, utilizando principalmente el BSSI, C-SSRS y AAQ-II. Conclusión: Aunque la evidencia muestra un desarrollo metodológico creciente y resultados clínicos favorables, es urgente estandarizar procedimientos, unificar instrumentos de medición y ampliar los periodos de seguimiento para fortalecer la comparabilidad, robustez y calidad de la evidencia científica.
Introduction: Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) has emerged as a promising intervention for individuals at risk of suicide. Objective: To analyze the methodological characteristics of empirical studies evaluating ACT in adults at risk of suicide. Method: A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines, searching Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed for studies published between 2016 and 2026 in English and Spanish. Ten studies were included, with randomized controlled trials predominating, although substantial heterogeneity was observed in sample sizes, intervention modalities, and assessment instruments. Results: Suicidal ideation and psychological flexibility were the most frequently assessed constructs, primarily using the BSSI, C-SSRS, and AAQ-II. Conclusion: Although the evidence indicates increasing methodological development and favorable clinical outcomes, there is an urgent need to standardize procedures, harmonize measurement instruments, and extend follow-up periods to strengthen the comparability, robustness, and quality of the scientific evidence.
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