Eficacia de la intervención cognitivo-conductual en la depresión posparto: revisión sistemática
Effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy for postpartum depression: Systematic reviewBarra lateral del artículo
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Introducción: La depresión posparto es un problema de salud mental perinatal que puede afectar el bienestar materno y la dinámica familiar. La terapia cognitivo-conductual (TCC) se ha aplicado en distintos formatos, aunque sus resultados varían. Objetivo: Analizar la evidencia disponible sobre la eficacia de las intervenciones cognitivo-conductuales para la depresión posparto y describir sus resultados según la modalidad y el seguimiento. Método: Se realizó una revisión sistemática con síntesis narrativa, conforme a PRISMA 2020. Se buscaron estudios publicados entre 2020 y 2026 en Web of Science, ScienceDirect, ProQuest y Scopus. Se identificaron once documentos: nueve informes con resultados cuantitativos, correspondientes a ocho estudios independientes, y dos protocolos, estos últimos excluidos de la valoración de eficacia. Resultados: Varios estudios informaron mejorías en síntomas depresivos; algunos también observaron cambios en ansiedad o apoyo social. La heterogeneidad de las poblaciones, los diseños, las medidas y los seguimientos limita la comparación entre modalidades y la evidencia sobre efectos a largo plazo. Conclusión: La TCC es una alternativa prometedora para la depresión posparto, pero la evidencia disponible no permite establecer la superioridad de una modalidad ni recomendarla como primera elección para todas las pacientes.
Introduction: Postpartum depression is a perinatal mental health concern that can affect maternal well-being and family dynamics. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) has been implemented in various formats, although its outcomes vary. Objective: To analyze the available evidence on the efficacy of cognitive behavioral interventions for postpartum depression and describe their outcomes according to intervention modality and follow-up duration. Method: A systematic review with narrative synthesis was conducted in accordance with PRISMA 2020. Studies published between 2020 and 2026 were searched in Web of Science, ScienceDirect, ProQuest, and Scopus. Eleven documents were identified: nine reports presenting quantitative results, corresponding to eight independent studies, and two protocols, which were excluded from the efficacy assessment. Results: Several studies reported improvements in depressive symptoms, and some also observed changes in anxiety or social support. Heterogeneity in populations, study designs, outcome measures, and follow-up periods limits comparisons across intervention modalities and the available evidence regarding long-term effects. Conclusion: CBT is a promising treatment option for postpartum depression; however, the available evidence does not establish the superiority of any particular modality or support its recommendation as the first-line treatment for all patients.
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