Riesgos psicosociales, burnout e inseguridad laboral en trabajadores migrantes de empresa privada en Guayaquil Ecuador
Psychosocial Risks, Burnout and Job Insecurity among Migrant Workers in a Private Company in Guayaquil, EcuadorBarra lateral del artículo
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Los riesgos psicosociales, el burnout y la inseguridad laboral son factores clave para comprender la salud mental ocupacional en contextos de movilidad humana. El objetivo fue analizar las diferencias en los riesgos psicosociales, el burnout y la inseguridad laboral según la condición migratoria en trabajadores de una empresa privada de Guayaquil. Se empleó un enfoque cuantitativo, aplicado, diseño no experimental, transversal y alcance comparativo. La muestra conformada por 40 participantes. Se aplicó una encuesta que incluyó un cuestionario sociodemográfico laboral, el Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey y escalas del Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire III. Los resultados mostraron que los trabajadores extranjeros presentaron mayor exposición a demandas laborales altas e inseguridad laboral. La asociación entre condición migratoria e inseguridad del empleo fue significativa, χ²(1, N = 40) = 10.00, p = .002, V = .50; al igual que la inseguridad sobre condiciones laborales, χ²(1, N = 40) = 11.72, p = .001, V = .54. No se hallaron diferencias significativas en burnout. Se concluye que la condición migratoria se vincula con mayor inseguridad laboral percibida.
Psychosocial risks, burnout, and job insecurity are key factors for understanding occupational mental health in contexts of human mobility. The objective was to analyze the differences in psychosocial risks, burnout, and job insecurity according to immigration status among workers at a private company in Guayaquil. A quantitative, applied, non-experimental, cross sectional, and comparative approach was used. The sample consisted of 40 participants. A survey was administered that included a sociodemographic-occupational questionnaire, the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey, and scales from the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire III. The results showed that foreign workers had greater exposure to high job demands and job insecurity. The association between immigration status and job insecurity was significant, χ²(1, N = 40) = 10.00, p = .002, V = .50. Similarly, insecurity regarding working conditions was also present, χ²(1, N = 40) = 11.72, p = .001, V = .54. No significant differences were found in burnout. It is concluded that migratory status is linked to greater perceived job insecurity.
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